State Medical Board Data

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You can typically find the download links on the NPPES NPI Registry website, usually under a "Public Data Dissemination" or "Downloadable Files" section.
They often provide a "Read API" for more programmatic access to individual NPI records if you don't need the entire dataset.
2. Medicare Provider Data (CMS Public Use Files - PUFs)
What it is: CMS releases various public use files that contain aggregated or de-identified data related to Medicare providers and services. These are designed for research and analysis, not for identifying individual patients or in some cases, individual providers.
Data Included (examples relevant to physicians):
Doctors and Clinicians National Downloadable File: Contains information about physicians and other clinicians enrolled in Medicare, including their NPI, name, specialty (taxonomy), practice location, and sometimes aggregated payment data. This is often substantial in size.
Physician and Other Supplier Public xt database Use File (POS-PUF): Provides information on services rendered to Medicare beneficiaries by physicians and other suppliers, including procedure codes (CPT/HCPCS), diagnoses (ICD-10), billed charges, and payments, usually aggregated to protect privacy.
Hospital Compare Data: While not directly physician-specific, it includes data on hospitals where physicians practice, and can sometimes be linked to physician identifiers.
Use Cases:
Research on physician practice patterns, utilization, and Medicare spending.
Analyzing healthcare costs and quality at a high level.
Identifying trends in service delivery.
How to Download:
Data.CMS.gov: This is the primary portal for CMS public data. Look for datasets under "Provider Data Catalog" or "Public Use Files."